What are materials produced or made through artificial or natural means called?

The term that describes materials produced or made through artificial or natural means is "products." This includes any substance or material that has been created or manufactured, whether through industrial processes or through natural occurrences. Products encompass a broad range of items, from raw materials that have been extracted and minimally processed to finished goods that are ready for consumption.

In the context of this question, "products" accurately captures both items created through human intervention, such as processed foods or manufactured goods, as well as natural materials like lumber or minerals, which may have been extracted and prepared for use. The concept of products is integral to various fields, including economics, manufacturing, and natural sciences, highlighting the transformation of raw materials into usable forms.

While "resources," "elements," and "goods" relate to materials, they carry distinct meanings. Resources often refer to available natural materials that can be used for economic gain, elements denote the fundamental substances in chemistry that cannot be broken down further, and goods specifically refer to tangible products that are offered for sale in a market context. Each of these terms has its own specific use, but in this case, "products" comprehensively represents the result of production processes, making it the appropriate choice.