What are the two main types of weathering?

The two main types of weathering are physical and chemical. Physical weathering, also known as mechanical weathering, refers to the process by which rocks and minerals break down into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition. This type of weathering can occur due to various factors such as temperature changes, freeze-thaw cycles, and the action of wind or water.

On the other hand, chemical weathering involves the alteration of the chemical structure of rocks and minerals. This process occurs when external agents like water, oxygen, and acids react with the minerals, causing them to decompose or change into new minerals. An example of chemical weathering is the dissolution of limestone in acidic conditions, which leads to the formation of caves.

Understanding the distinction between these two types of weathering is important in geology, as they play significant roles in shaping the landscape, forming soil, and influencing ecosystems.