What is the primary function of the ozone layer?

The primary function of the ozone layer is to absorb ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. This crucial layer, composed mainly of ozone (O₃) molecules, acts as a shield for the Earth, preventing most of the harmful UV radiation from reaching the surface. This absorption is significant because excessive exposure to UV radiation can lead to various health issues, including skin cancer, cataracts, and other damaging effects on living organisms.

The significance of this protective role becomes apparent when considering the effects of increased UV exposure. For example, living organisms, including plants and animals, rely on a stable environment with controlled levels of UV radiation for their growth and health. Hence, the ozone layer plays a vital role in maintaining ecological balance and safeguarding life on Earth.

The other choices do imply functions that might seem relevant, but they do not accurately describe the main purpose of the ozone layer. Depleting harmful gases and increasing atmospheric pressure are not functions of the ozone layer; rather, they pertain to other environmental dynamics. Reflecting solar radiation also does not characterize the ozone layer's primary role, as its main action is absorption, not reflection.