What method involves the use of a step-by-step experimental process and keeping accurate records?

The method involving a step-by-step experimental process and the importance of maintaining accurate records is best characterized by systematic inquiry, which is fundamental in scientific research. This approach ensures that each step of the experiment is conducted thoroughly and documented meticulously, allowing for reproducibility and verification by other researchers.

Using a logical and systematic method enables scientists to formulate hypotheses, design experiments, collect data, and analyze results in an organized manner, which is essential for drawing valid conclusions. This structured framework is necessary for robust scientific methodology, making it possible to build on previous findings with confidence.

The other methods mentioned lack this systematic rigor. Intuition is more about instinct and subjective judgment without the structured approach that logic provides. Guess and check refers to a trial-and-error technique without a solid experimental framework, and the observation method emphasizes reliance on sensory experience rather than a systematic investigation. Thus, the emphasis on a structured procedure and thorough record-keeping aligns perfectly with the principles of logical and systematic scientific inquiry.