What term describes a volcano that has not erupted for a long time, but may erupt again?

A dormant volcano is defined as one that has not erupted for an extended period, yet has the potential to erupt in the future. This term highlights the possibility of future activity, distinguishing it from an extinct volcano, which is considered unlikely to erupt again due to its lack of any signs of volcanic activity over a very long time. Understanding the classification of volcanoes is important in volcanology, as it helps assess the potential hazards they could pose to surrounding communities.

In contrast, an active volcano is one that is currently erupting or shows signs of imminent activity. A composite volcano refers simply to a type of volcano characterized by its layered structure of lava flows and ash deposits, not necessarily indicating its eruptive status. Thus, the term "dormant" effectively captures the potential for future eruptions, which is why it is the correct choice in this context.