What term describes factors that change as a result of changes in the independent variable?

The term that describes factors that change as a result of changes in the independent variable is dependent variables. In an experiment, the dependent variable is the one that researchers measure to see if it is affected by manipulation of the independent variable. For example, if a scientist is studying how different amounts of sunlight affect plant growth, the growth of the plants (dependent variable) will change based on the amount of sunlight they receive (independent variable). This relationship allows researchers to determine the effects of one variable on another, making it essential to identify dependent variables in any scientific study.

Control variables, on the other hand, are factors that are kept constant to ensure that any observed changes in the dependent variable are solely due to the manipulation of the independent variable. Independent variables are those that the experimenter changes intentionally to observe effects. Test variables is not a standard term in this context and does not specifically refer to any particular type of variable in scientific experiments.