What term describes the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes?

The term that describes the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes is technology. Technology encompasses the methods, systems, and devices that are created based on scientific principles to solve real-world problems, improve processes, or enhance our capabilities. This includes everything from simple tools to complex machinery and software designed to address specific needs or challenges.

In contrast, a hypothesis refers to a proposed explanation for a phenomenon, which has yet to be tested and validated. A theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, derived from a body of evidence and repeated experimentation. Innovation typically refers to the creation of new ideas or products but doesn't specifically denote the application of scientific knowledge as technology does. Thus, technology stands out as the correct choice, as it inherently implies a practical application rooted in scientific understanding.