What term is used to describe the quantity of matter in an object?

The term that describes the quantity of matter in an object is mass. Mass is a fundamental property of physical objects and is measured in units such as kilograms or grams. It refers to how much matter is contained within an object and is not dependent on external factors like gravity.

In contrast, weight is the force exerted on an object due to gravity and can vary depending on the gravitational pull of the planet or celestial body the object is on. Force is a vector quantity that causes an object to undergo a change in motion, while energy refers to the capacity to do work or produce change. Each of these terms relates to different physical concepts, but they do not capture the specific property of quantity of matter that mass does.