What type of material allows heat and electricity to pass through it?

Materials that allow heat and electricity to pass through them are known as conductors. This property arises from their atomic structure, where the electrons are loosely bound and can move freely throughout the material. Metals such as copper and aluminum are common examples of good conductors due to their ability to efficiently transfer both thermal and electrical energy.

In contrast, insulators are materials that impede the flow of heat and electricity, making them useful for protecting against unwanted energy transfer. Refractors are materials that bend light, while reflectors are those that bounce light back. These properties are unrelated to the conduction of heat and electricity, further emphasizing why the correct choice is conductors, which play a crucial role in various applications such as wiring, cookware, and electronic devices.