Which formula represents gravitational potential energy?

Gravitational potential energy (GPE) is determined by an object's position relative to the Earth and is calculated using the formula GPE = mass x gravity x height. In this formula, "mass" refers to the mass of the object in kilograms, "gravity" is the acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.8 m/s² on the surface of the Earth), and "height" is the vertical distance measured from a reference point, such as the ground. This relationship shows that an object's potential energy increases with greater mass, greater height, or higher gravitational pull, highlighting how these factors contribute to the total gravitational potential energy of an object.

The other formulas do not represent gravitational potential energy. The second option describes kinetic energy, while the third option incorrectly relates momentum to energy by only accounting for velocity. The last option incorrectly suggests a relationship between energy and mass without establishing a meaningful physical principle.