Which volcano is made up of alternating layers of lava and ash?

The composite volcano, also known as a stratovolcano, is characterized by its unique structure that consists of alternating layers of lava flows and volcanic ash. This layering is a result of the volcano's eruptive behavior, where explosive eruptions produce ash and pyroclastic materials, while quieter eruptions enable the flow of lava. The combination of these materials builds up the steep profile typically associated with composite volcanoes.

The layered construction not only contributes to their majestic height but also indicates a complex volcanic activity, where the differing viscosity of the lava and varying eruption styles play a crucial role. In contrast, shield volcanoes are primarily constructed from low-viscosity lava that flows easily, leading to a broad, gently sloping profile without significant layers of ash. Dome volcanoes tend to produce highly viscous lava that creates a steep-sided structure but lacks the alternating layers of material. Ash-cinder volcanoes, while they may produce layers, are generally smaller and are primarily formed from ash and cinder rather than the combination of lava and ash seen in composite volcanoes. Therefore, composite volcanoes are distinct in their formation and represent a critical aspect of volcanic activity and geology.